RUMUS 16 TENSES BAHASA INGGRIS

Kata Kerja

Kata Kerja adalah bagian inti dari Tenses Bahasa Inggris. Kata kerja atau Verb pada rumus-rumus Tenses di blog ini, Kata kerja atau Verb ini sering saya singkat V saja. Jadi kalau V+ing artinya sama dengan Verb+ing, sering juga saya tulis sebagai “Ving” saja agar mudah.

Kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris ada banyak bentuknya: V1, V2, V3, Ving.

Kata Kerja bentuk 1 atau saya singkat V1, yaitu kata kerja dasar, seperti: drink, go, write, read, participate, learn, study, dan sebagainya. Ada kata kerja bentuk ke 2, sering saya singkat V2. Kata kerja bentuk 3 ya V3. Serta Kata Kerja bentuk ING atau saya singkat Ving. Bagaimana cara menggunakan bentuk-bentuk kata kerja tersebut? Ada di masing-masing pelajaran Tenses Bahasa Inggris.

Perubahan Bentuk Kata Kerja

Perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja bentuk 1 (V1) ke bentuk kedua (V2) dan bentuk ke 3 (V2) ada yang beraturan (ada rumusnya) dan ada juga yang tidak beraturan (tidak ada rumusnya). Wah memamg inilah yang membuat bahasa Inggris ini menjadi rumit bagi kita orang Indonesia, haha.

Kata Kerja Beraturan (Regular Verb):

Artinya ya mempunyai keteraturan bentuknya, ada rumusnya misalnya ditambah “D” atau “ED” seperti: live – lived – lived, play, played, played.

Walaupun ada aturannya tetapi aturan perubahan tersebut masih ada beberapa. Daftar kata kerja beraturan ini pun panjang sekali. Saya sarankan Anda mempunyai buku Grammar Bahasa Inggris walaupun yang kecil dan sederhana, biasanya ada di sana. Memang Anda mau menulsinya disini satu per satu?.

Kata Kerja TIDAK Beraturan (Irregular Verb):

Misalnya kata kerja “drink” berturut-turut untuk bentuk ke 1 sampai 3: drink-drank-drunk. Satu contoh lain lagi: break-broke-broken

Masih ingat V1, V2, V3 dan Ving? Jangan lupa apa itu artinya ya, karena akan sering dipergunakan dalam setiap  tenses bahasa inggris

1.   Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + S/ES +O/C

-  } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C+?

Example:

Ø (+) She is a new people here.

     (-) She isn’t a new people here.

      (?) Is she a new people here?

Ø (+) He plays football every morning

     (-) He does not playing football every morning.

     (?) How playing football every morning?

a. Simple Present Tense (Waktu Sekarang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+ } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C+?

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

-  } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday=

¨   Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)

For I, We, You, They = do

He, She, It = Does

b. Present Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sekarang)

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.

Rumus :

+ } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C                       

-  } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C                

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C +?                     

Yes They are / no they are not                

For I = am                                                            

They, we, you = are                                                  

He, She, It = Is                                                 

Example :

Ø  (+) They are playing badmintoon now

       (-) They are not playing badmintoon now

       (?) Are they palaying badmintoon now ?

Ø  (+) He is playing badminton now

       (-) He isn’t playing badminton now.    

       (?) Is he playing badminton now.

c. Present Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

+ } S + have/has + V3

-  } S + have/sas Not + V3

? } Have/has + S + V3+?

Example:

Ø  (+) you have eaten mine.

       (-) she has not been to Rome

       (?) have you finished?

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)

Rumus :

+ } S + have/has + been + Ving

-  } S + have/has + not + been + Ving

? }  Have/has + S + been + Ving=?

Example :

Ø   (+) She has been going to Malang since evening.

       (-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.

       (?) Has she been going to Malang ?

Ø  (+) We have been riding a horse for three days

       (-) We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

       (?) Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

2.Past Tense (Waktu Lampau)

Rumus:

+} S+V2+ O/C                                                            

-} S+Did+Not+V1+O/C                                              

?} Did+ S+V1+O/C

Example :

Ø  (+) I Saw a good film last night

(-) I saw not a good film last night

(?) Saw I a good film last night

Ø  (+) He came here last month

(-) He came not last month

(?) Came He here last month

a. Simple Past Tense (Waktu Lampau Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C                                         

-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C                                  

?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C+?

Example :

(+) We were at school yesterday

(-) We were not at school yesterday

(?) were we at school yesterday ?

For I, He, She, It = Was

They, we, you = were

b. Past Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Lampau)

Rumus :

(+): S + was/were + Ving

(-): S + was/were + NOT + Ving

(?): Was/Were + S + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) He was watching television all afternoon last week

     (-) He wasn’t watching television all afternoon last week

     (?) Was He watching television all afternoon last week

Ø (+) They were talking about sport when I met him

     (-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him

     (?) Were they talking about sport when I met him

c. Past Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

 (+): S + had + V3

(-): S + had + not + V3

(?): Had + S + V3+?

Example :

Ø (+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle

     (-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle

     (?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?

Ø (+) The ship had left before I arrived

     (-) The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

     (?) Had the ship left before I arrived?

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)

Rumus :

+} S+Had+been+v_ing+O/C                                     

-} S + had + not + been + Ving                                 

?} Had + S + been + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) They had been living there for two month

     (-) They hadn’t been living there for two month

     (?) Had they been living there for two month?

Ø (+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

     (-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

     (?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

3.Future Tense (Akan Datang)

Rumus :

+} S + will + V1                                                          

-} S + will + not + V1                                                 

?} S + will + not + V1+?

Example :

Ø (+)I will study

     (-)I will not study

     (?)Will You study?

Ø (+)You will swim
(-)You will not swim

(?)Will You swim?

Ø (+)They will visit Tokyo
(-)They will not visit Tokyo
(?)Will They visit Tokyo?

a.   Simple Future Tense (Waktu Akan Datang Sederhana)

Rumus :

+} S + will + bare infinitive

+} S + be+ going to + bare infinitive

- } S + will + not + bare infinitive
- }S + be + not + going to + bare infinitive

? } will + S + bare infinitive

Example :

Ø (+) I will visit to yogyakarta tomorrow.

     (-) I will not visit to Yogyakarta tomorrow

     (?) will I visit to Yogyakarta tomorrow

Ø (+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

     (-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.

     (?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?

b.   Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Akan Datang)

Rumus :

+} S + will + be + Ving           

- } S + will not + be + Ving   

? } Will + S + be + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) I will be writing a comic.

     (-) I will not writing a comic.

     (?) Will I be writing a comic ?

Ø (+) I will be studying tomorrow night.

     (-) I will not be studying tomorrow night.

     (?) Will I be studying tomorrow night ?

c. Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

+} S + will + have + V3          

-} S + will + not + have + V3 

?} Will + S + have + V3+?

Example :

Ø (+) Iwill havefinishedby 10am.

     (-) Shewillnothavegoneto school.

     (?) Willyou havearrived?

Ø (+) Youwill haveforgottenme by then.

     (-) Wewillnothaveleft.

     (?) Willthey havereceivedit?

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Akan Datang)

Rumus :

+} S + will + have + been + Ving      

- } S + will + not + have + been + Ving        

?} Will + S + have + been + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) I will have been reading a news paper.

     (-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.

     (?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

Ø (+) He will have been listening music.

     (-) He will haven’t listening a music.

     (?) Will He have listening a music ?

4.Past Future Tense (Akan Datang Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

+} S + would + V1

- } S + would + not + V1

?} Would + S + V1+?

Example :

Ø (+) He would come if you invited him.

     (-) He wouldn’t come if invited him.

     (?) Would He come if invited him ?

Ø (+) They would buy a home the previous day.

     (-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.

     (?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?

a. Past Future Continuous Tense (Waktu Akan Sedang Terjadi Diwaktu Lampau)

Rumus :

+} S + would + be + Ving

- } S + would + not + be + Ving

?} Would + S + be + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) I would  be swimming at this time the following day.

     (-) I would not be swimming at this time the following day.

     (?) would I be swimming at this time the following day ?

Ø (+) I would be sliping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

     (-) I would not be sleeping at 10 o’clock tomorrow.

     (?) would I be sleeping at10 o’clock tomorrow ?

b. Past Future Perfect Tense (Waktu Akan Sudah Selesai Di Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

+} S + would + have + V3

- } S + would + not + have + V3

?} Would + S + have + V3+?

Example :

Ø  (+) nita would have studied moth by the end of this week.

       (-) nita would have not studied month by the end of this week

       (?) would nita have studied month by the end of this week ?

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

(Waktu Yang Sudah Sedang Berlangsung Pada Waktu Lampau)

Rumus :

+}S + would + have + been + Ving

- } S + would + not + have + been + Ving

?}Would + S + have + been + Ving+?

Example :

Ø (+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years

     (-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year

     (?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?

Ø (+) Rianawati would have been speaking English for two years

     (-) Rianawati wouldn’t have been speaking English for two years

     (?) Would Rianawati have been speaking English for two years?